JAM session topics Essay

Audio- pictorial matter smorgasbord is an important aspect of cinematography.Most characterizations much(prenominal) as movies and sitcoms prevail several segments devoid of any speech.Adding carefull chosen medicine to much(prenominal) segments conveys e bms much(prenominal) as joy,tension or melancholy. In a typic altogethery passe-partout impression production,skilled audio recording- admixture artists aesthetically add appropriate audio to the give up moving-picture show shot. This process is tedious, duration-consuming and expensive. The PIVOT VECTOR lacuna APPROACH in audio mixing is a novel proficiency that automatically picks the best audio do (from the on hand(predicate) database) to mix with the given tv set shot.This technique uses a pivot vector space mixing framework to incorpo aim the nice heuristics for mixing audio with film.This technique eliminates the need for pro audio mixing artists and hence it is not expensive.It too saves time and is ver y convenient. In todays era, significant advances are happening constantly in the field of Information Technology. The development in the IT related fields such as multimedia is passing abundant. This is evident with the release of a variety of multimedia products such as mobile handsets, portable MP3 players, digital flick camcorders, handicams etc. Hence, certain activities such as production of dwelling flicks is easy due to products such as handicams, digital video camcorders etc.Such a scenario was not there a ex ago ,since no such products were available in the market. As a result production of al-Qaeda videos is not possible since it was reserved completely for professional video artists. So in todays world, a largeamount of property videos are being made and the number of amateur and shoes video enthusiasts is very large.A family unit video artist can never match the aesthetic capabilities of a professional audio mixing artist. However employing a professional mixi ng artist to develop radical video is not practicable as it is expensive, tedious and time consuming.IntroductionThe PIVOT VECTOR SPACE APPROACH is a novel technique of audio-video mixing which automatically selects the best audio clip from the available database, to be mixed with the given video shot. Till the development of this technique, audio-video mixing is a process that could be done only by professional audio-mixing artists. However employing these artists is very expensive and is not feasible for home video mixing. Besides, the process istime-consuming and tedious.In todays era, significant advances are happening constantly in the field of Information Technology. The development in the IT related fields such as multimedia is exceedingly vast. This is evident with the release of a variety of multimedia products such as mobile handsets, portable MP3 players, digital video camcorders, handicams etc.Hence, certain activities such as production of home videos is easy due to products such as handicams, digital video camcorders etc. Such a scenario was not there a ex ago ,since no such products were available in the market. As a result production of home videos is not possible since it was reserved completely for professional video artists.So in todays world, a large amount of home videos are being made and the number of amateur and home video enthusiasts is very large.A home video artist can never match the aesthetic capabilities of a professional audio mixing artist. However employing a professional mixing artist to develop home video is not feasible as it is expensive, tedious and time consuming. Fig(1) PivotVectorRepresentationAESTHETIC ASPECTSMovies comprise images (still or moving) graphic traces(texts and signs) put down speech, music, and noises and sound effects. The different roles of music in movies can be categorized into Setting the scene(create atmosphere of time and place)Adding wound up meaning ,Serving as a background filler,Creating continuity across shots or scenes, and emphasizing climaxes(alert the viewer to climaxes and emotional points of scenes).The links between music and moving images are extremely important, and the juxtaposition of such elements must be carried out according to some aesthetic rules. The scientist Zettl explicitly defined such rules in the form of a table, presenting the features of moving images that match the features of music. Zettl ground these proposed mixing rules on the following aspects Tonal matching(related to the emotional meaning defined byCopland) Structural matching(related to emotional meaning and emphasizing climaxes defined by Copland) thematic matching(related to setting the scene as defined by Copland) Historical-geographical matching(related to setting the scene as defined by Copland)In the following TABLE ,we summarize the work of Zettl by presenting aesthetic features that correspond in video and music. The table too indicates extractable features because many v ideo and audio features defined by Zettl are spunky level perceptual features and cant be extracted by the state of the art in computational media aesthetics.VIDEO AESTHETIC FEATURESThe table shows, from the cinematic point of view,a set of attributed features(such as color and motion) required to force videos.The computations for extracting aesthetic attributed features from low-level video features encounter at the video shot granularity. Because some attributed features are based on still images(such as high light falloff),we compute them on the key frame of a video shot. We try to optimize the trade-off in accuracy and computational efficiency among the competing extraction methods. Also, blush though we assume that the videos considered come in the MPEG format(widely used by several home video camcorders),the features be independently of a particular representation format.The important video aesthetic features are as follows empty-headed FALLOFF Light falloff refers to the brightness contrast between the light and after part sides of an object and the rate of change from light to shadow. If the brightness contrast between the lighted side of an object and the attached shadow is high, the frame has fast falloff. This means the illuminated sideis relatively bright and the attached shadow is quite an dense and dark. If the contrast is low, the resulting falloff is considered slow. No falloff(or extremely low falloff) means that the object is lighted equally on all sides.COLOR FEATURESThe color features extracted from a video shot consists of four features- Saturation riddleBrightnessEnergyMOTION VECTORSTo measure the video segments motion bulk, we use descriptors. They see a set of automatically extractable descriptors of motion activities, which are computed from the MPEG motion vectors and can capture the intensity of a video shots motion activity. Here we use the max2 descriptor, which discards 10 percent of the motion vectors to filter out spur ious vectors or very small objectsAUDIO AESTHETIC FEATURESMusic light is an extremely complex psycho-acoustical phenomenon that is not well understood. So instead of directly extracting the musics perceptual features, we can use the low-level signal features of audio clips, which can depict clues on how to estimate the many perceptual features.LOW-LEVEL FEATURESWe described here the required basic features that are extracted from an audio excerpt. Spectral centroidThe phantasmal centroid is commonly associated with the measure of a sounds brightness.We obtain this measure by evaluating the center of sombreness using the frequence and magnitude information of Fourier transforms.The individual centroid C(n) of a spectral frame is the average frequency weighted by theamplitude ,divided by the sum of the amplitude.Zero get acrossIn the context of discrete-time signals, a zero crossing is said to occur if two successive samples have opposite signs. The rate at which Zero crossings occur is a simple measure of the frequency content of the signal.This is particularly true of the narrowband signals. Because audio signals might include both narrowband and broadband signals, the interpretation of the average zero-crossing rate is less precise. However, we can still obtain crude(a) estimates of the spectral properties using a representation on the short-time average zero-crossing rate.VolumeThe volume distribution of audio clips reveals the signal magnitudes temporal variation. It represents the subjective measure, which depends on the human listeners frequency response. Normally volume is approximated by the root mean square value of the signal magnitude inside each frame. VDR(v)=max(V)-min(v)/max(V) PERCEPTUAL FEATURES EXTRACTIONDynamicsDynamics refers to the volume of musical sound related to the musics loudness or softness, which is always a relative indication, dependent on the context. Tempo features single of the most important features that makes the musi c flow unique and differentiates it from other types of audio signal is temporal organization(beat rate)perceptual pitch featurePitch perception plays an important role in human hearing, and the auditory carcass apparently assigns a pitch to anything that comes to its attention.ADVANTAGESBefore the development of the PIVOT VECTOR SPACE APPROACH IN AUDIO-VIDEO MIXING process can be carried out only by professional mixing artists.In todays era the development in the field of MULTIMEDIA technology is so vast as this can be seen with the releases of a number of multimedia products in the market. Products such as digital video camcorders, Handicams greatly helped even normal home exploiters to produce their own video. However, employing professional audio-mixing artists is not feasible since it is expensive, time-consuming and tedious.The Pivot vector space approach enables all the home video users and amateur video enthusiasts to give a professional look and feel to their videos. This technique also eliminates the need for professional mixing artists and hence saves woo. Besides, it is not time-consuming.Since this approach is fully automatic as it automatically selects the best audio clip (available from the given database) to be mixed with the given video shot ,the user need not nonplus about his aesthetic capabilities in selecting the audio clip. The Pivot vector space approach enables all the home video users and amateur video enthusiasts to give a professional look and feel to their videos. This technique also eliminates the need for professional mixing artists and hence saves cost. Besides, it is not time-consuming. Since this approach is fully automatic as it automatically selects the best audio clip (available from the given database) to be mixed with the given video shot ,the user need not worry about his aesthetic capabilities in selecting the audio clip.Fig(4) Application of Audio Video Mixing.APPLICATIONSIn todays INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY era ,the ad vances in the various IT fields such as MULTIMEDIA,NETWORKING etc is very fast.Newer and better technologies arise as each day passes. This is evident with the release of a number of Technology packed products such as portable MP3 players,digital cameras,digital video camcorders,Handicams,Mobile handsets etc.Before the advent of such technologies, activities such as Production of videos etc could be done only by professional video artists. However in todays era,with the releases of products such as Handicams,Digital video camcordersproduction of videos is easy for all the home video users and amateur video enthusiasts.As a result, a large amount of home video footage is being produced now.The PIVOT VECTOR SPACE APPROACH is a novel technique for these users since it is able to provide a professional look and feel to these videos.It eliminates the need for professional mixing artists and hence cuts down the cost ,time and labour involved.Hence,the demand for such a technique will be only increasing in the coming years .This technique will definitely have a great impact on the IT market today.CONCLUSIONThe PIVOT VECTOR SPACE APPROACH is a new dimension in the field of AUDIO-VIDEO mixing. Before the advent of this technology, audio-video mixing was a process carried out only by professional mixing artists. However, this process is expensive, tedious and time-consuming. This entire scenario changed with the emergence of the PIVOT VECTOR SPACE approach. Since this technique is fully Automatic, it enabled a home video user to provide a professional look and feel to his video. This technique also eliminates the need for professional mixing artists, thereby significantly reducing the cost, time and labour involved. In todays era,a large amount of home video footage is being produced due to products such as Digital video camcorders, Handicams etc.Hence,this technique will be of great use to all the amateur video enthusiasts and home video users.REFERENCESIEEE Multimedi a journal (Computational Media Aesthetics)CHIP magazineDIGIT magazinehttp//computer.org/multimedia/mu2003/u2toc.htmhttp//www.pcmag.com